Bio-efficacy of Indigenous Weed-Derived Botanical Insecticides Against Fall Armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Abstract

The present study investigates the insecticidal properties and chemical composition of three native Philippine weeds, Lantana camara, Chromolaena odorata, and Hyptis suaveolens against Spodoptera frugiperda, a critical pest in maize cultivation. Through controlled lab bioassays, the effects of botanical extracts on larval mortality, pupation, and adult emergence were assessed. Phytochemical tests confirmed the presence of key bioactive substances, including flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and terpenoids, while saponins were notably absent in H. suaveolens. Using probit analysis, both LC₅₀ and LT₅₀ values were calculated. Among treatments, L. camara exhibited the most potent insecticidal effects, outperforming other botanicals in mortality and developmental disruption metrics. While cypermethrin remained most effective overall, findings suggest L. camara could be a practical, eco-friendly alternative. Further research should explore field applications and advanced formulations for sustainable pest control strategies.